 | | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
As you do your research, make sure to write down the information that you will need to identify your sources in your bibliography, which comes at the end of your paper. The bibliography is also known as the Works Cited page. Remember that information may come from many places including books, magazines, encyclopedias, or Internet sites. Regardless of where you found your information, your sources need to be clearly identified in your bibliography. Each source that you use will be mentioned as a separate bibliographic entry or citation. For most books, you will find the information needed for the citations in your bibliography on either the title page, or the reverse side of the title page.
At East Woods, we use MLA7 format and use those guidelines established by the Modern Language Association revised in its newest (7th) edition, 2009.
Things to remember:
- Put all of your sources a-b-c order, by the authors' last names, or by title if there is no author
- Don't count the words a, an, or the when alphabetizing. Use the second word in the title to alphabetize
- Enclose titles of articles and Web pages in "quotation marks"
- NEW for MLA 7 format: Italicize titles of books, magazines, encyclopedias, database titles, and Web sites
- NEW for MLA 7 format: Every entry needs to have a medium of publication designation, such as the following: Print, Web, Radio, Television, CD, Audiocassette, Film, Videocassette, DVD, Performance, Lecture, and PDF file.
- Dates of access for online sources should be written out as
dd Mon. yyyy, for example: 15 Oct. 2010 and 25 May 2010
(Abbreviate all month names except May, June and July)
- Put angle brackets < > around all URLS, such as <http://www.eastwoods.org>
- Use periods and commas to separate the different parts of your entries and at the end of each (see examples below)
- The first line of each entry is aligned with the left margin. Indent the second line and all other lines below the first line of each entry 5 spaces. This is called a hanging indent, which can be selected from the Format Menu of Word. To do this: (Format>Paragraph>Indentation>Special>Hanging).
- Single-space within all entries, but leave a double space between each source
- Don't number your sources
Click here for a sample of a correct bibliography with different types of sources
Click here for a sample student bibliography in old and new format
|
|
| |
How to Cite Print Resources (books, articles, etc.) |
|
|
|
|
|
A book by one author
Format:
Author’s last name, first name. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication. Print.
Example:
Allaby, Michael. Hurricanes. New York: Facts on File, 1997. Print.
Two or more books by the same author
Give full information for the first entry, following the above example for a book by one author. Thereafter, for each additional book, in the place of the author's name, type a short line ([shift]-hyphen) followed by a period. Then proceed with the rest of the publication information.
A book by two authors
Format:
First Author’s last name, first name. Second author’s first name last name.
Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication. Print.
Example:
Swisher, Robert and Charles R. McClure. Research for Librarians. Chicago: American Library
Association, 1984. Print.
A book by three or more authors
Format:
First Author’s last name, first name and others.Title of book . Place of
publication: Publisher, date of publication. Print.
Example:
Williams, Aretha and others. Drama and Melodrama. New York: Grove, 1997. Print.
A book introduction, preface, foreword, or afterword
Format:
Last Name of author of introduction, First name. Introduction (or other
section). Title of book in which introduction appears. By author of book.
Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication. Print.
Example:
Cronkite, Walter. Preface. 1984. By George Orwell. New York: Signet
Classic, 1983. Print.
A book with no author, but with an editor
Format:
Editor's last name, first name, editor. Title of book. Place of publication:
Publisher, date of publication. Print.
Example:
Dryden, John, editor. A collection of Critical Essays. Englewood: Prentice-
Hall, 1963. Print.
Encyclopedia article, or other article in an alphabetically arranged print reference book
Format:
Author's last name, first name [if no author, title come first]. “Title of Article.”
Title of encyclopedia. Year of edition, volume number: pages. Print.
Example:
Mazo, Earl. “Richard M. Nixon.” World Book Encyclopedia. 1997, 15: 75-79. Print.
A magazine article
Format:
Author's last name, first name. [if no author, then title of article comes first].
“Title of article.” Title of Magazine. Date of issue, pages. Print.
Example:
Fischer, David. “Strange But True Facts About Sports.” Sports Illustrated for Kids.
September 1987, 90-91. Print.
A newspaper article
Format:
Author’s last name, first name [if no author, title comes first]. “Title of article.”
Title of Newspaper. Date of issue, section (if known): pages. Print.
Example:
Quindlen, Anna. “Reading and Writing.” The New York Times. 13 Feb. 1994,
B:27. Print. |
|
| |
How to Cite e-books on Digital Devices (Kindles, Nooks, iPads) |
|
|
|
|
|
Acording to MLA 7 format, you will use the same guidelines for print books, but you will replace the file format of Print with the words Digital File.
Format:
Author’s last name, first name.Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication. Digital File.
Example:Slawenski, Kenneth. J.D. Salinger: A Life. New York: Random, 2011. Digital File.
|
|
| |
How to Cite Non-Print Resources (e.g. audio files, DVDs, exhibits, interviews) |
|
|
|
|
|
An audio file such as an MP3 music file (including downloads from iTunes)
Note: An MP3 is a digital audio file format. You will be asked to provide the file format in capital letters (MP3, WAV, AIFF, WMA, and MIDI) in your citation. If you cannot determine the audio file format, you may use the description "Digital file" instead of a specific type.
Format:
Name of performer. “Title of song.” Title of Album. Recording label, year produced.
Digital file format.
Example:
Jones, Norah. "Light as a Feather." The Fall. Blue Note Records, 2009. MP3 file.
A DVD, Film or Videocassette
Format:
Title. Director (Dir.) and the lead actors (Perf.) or narrator (Narr.); the distributor;
the year of the film’s release; and the medium (Film, DVD, or Videocassette).
Example:
Finding Neverland. Dir. Marc Forster. Perf. Johnny Depp, Kate Winslet. Miramax, 2004. DVD.
Example:
The Hours. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Meryl Streep, Julianne Moore, and Nicole Kidman.
Paramount, 2002. Videocassette.
An interview
Format:
Name of person interviewed. Personal interview. Day Month Year of interview.
Example:
Shields, N. T. Personal interview. 26 March 2009.
A Museum Exhibit or a Painting, Sculpture or Other Art Form
Format:
Name of Person Responsible for Exhibit. Title of Exhibit. Date exhibit or
artwork created. Exhibit or Art Medium. Name of Museum or Gallery, city
where exhibit/artwork is located.
Example:
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique. Odalisque. 1814. Lithograph. Louvre Museum, Paris.
Ashoona, Kiawak. Smiling Family. 1966.Exhibit. McMichael Canadian Art Collection,
Kleinburg, ON.
A personal letter
Format:
Author’s last name, First name. Letter to Name of recipient. Day Month Year.
Example:
Steinbeck, John. Letter to Princess Grace of Monaco. 6 November 1962.
A television program
Format:
" Title of Episode." Title of Program. Narrator. Narrator’s name (if significant) . Television network, location of broadcast network.
Day Month Year of broadcast. Television.
Example:
“New Orleans.” American Experience. Narr. Jeffrey Wright. PBS. WGBH, Boston, 12 Feb. 2007.
Television.
|
|
| |
How to Cite Online Sources (Web, database, e-mail, etc) |
|
|
|
|
|
A site on the World Wide Web
Format:
Author or Group responsible. “Title of specific page or document.”
Title of Site. Day Month Year of electronic publication. Web. Day Month Year URL accessed <http://address/filename>.
Example:
Massicot, Paul. "Animal Info:Giant Panda.” Rare and Endangered Animals.
10 Nov.2002. Web. 3 Apr. 2010 <http://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htm>.
Example:
The British Museum. "Temples." Ancient Egypt. 1999. Web.
07 November 2011. <http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/temples/index.html>.
An article in Gale Student Resource Center (SRC) or Opposing Viewpoints in Context (OVIC)
(You will find the source citation for most entries at the end of each article. You may use an abbreviated URL, as shown in the examples below.)
Format for SRC:
Author’s last name, first name (if provided). "Article title." Original source of article. Publisher of original source, date of original publication. Student Resource Center-Junior. Gale.
East Woods School. Web. Day Month Year of access
<http://find.galegroup.com/srcx>.
Example for SRC:
"Pearl Harbor Bombed, December 7, 1941." Discovering World History.Online Edition.
Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center-Junior. Gale.
East Woods School. Web. 8 October 2009
<http://find.galegroup.com/srcx>.
Opposing Viewpoints in Context replaces Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.
The viewpoint articles are usually essays that appeared first in a print version of a volume published by Greenhaven Press. Often these articles come from an original source and are reproduced. The citation should include this information as well.
Format for OVIC:
Author’s last name, first name (if provided). "Article title." Original
Greenhaven Press Source of article. Year of original publication.
Title of Original Source, Publication date.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web.
Day Month Year of access <http://find.galegroup.com/ovic/>.
Example for OVIC:
"U.S. Immigration Laws Are Being Enforced Fairly." Homeland Security. Ed.
James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web.
4 Oct. 2010 http://find.galegroup.com/ovic/.
Article in an online reference database such as Grolier Online and for articles in the NOVEL database
Format:
Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference Work. Year of electronic
publication. Title of Databse or Online Service. Web.
Day Month Year of access <http://address/filename>.
Example:
Cook, Sarah Gibbard. “Berlin, Germany.” Encyclopedia Americana Online. Mar. 1997. Grolier Online. Web.
22 Feb. 2009 <http://grolier.go.com>.
A BrainPOP Video
Format:
Title of Video. FWD Media. BrainPOP. Web. Day Month Year URL accessed <http://address/filename>.
Example:
Cesar Chavez. FWD Media. BrainPOP. Web. 20 Dec. 2009
<http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/cesarchavez/>.
Online sound (such as a podcast)
Format:
Creator if Available. "Description or Title of Sound." Date of Sound. Online
sound. Title of Online sound. Date of download. <http://address/filename>.
Example:
"This Week's Saturday Radio Address." 10 Oct. 2008. Online sound.
Whitehouse Briefing Room.
23 Oct. 2008. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/html/briefroom.html>.
An e-mail message
Format:
Sender's last name, first name. "Re: Subject Line from Posting."
Message to the author.
Day Month Year of Message. E-Mail
Example:Lowry, Lois. "Re: Question About Your Book." Message to the author. 19 September 2010. E-mail.
Online Video Clip (including You Tube, Vimeo, School Tube, etc.)
Format:
Name of creator (if known). “Title of video clip.” Date of publication.
Example:
Fox News Channel. “Egypt Faces Economic Instability-Post Mubarak.”
15 February 2011. You Tube. Web. 16 February 2011
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExI868y0Kh4>.
|
|
| |
FAQ's and Automatic Citation Makers |
|
|
|
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions about MLA Style
Click here for the Modern Language Association's answers to common questions on citations, for example, "If a title begins with a numeral, how should the title be alphabetized?"
Automatic Citation Makers
All of these have fill-in-the-blank type forms that you type your source information into, and then you can create a bibliography. If you use any of these, make sure that your bibliography is in MLA format and is consistent with what is required here at school.
BibMe
Easy Bib
MLA Citation Maker |
|
|
|
|
| |  |
|